In addition, a fujifilm np-40 battery series of visual elements outside content, such as lines, color and tone, and so often influence the composition of the photographer. People eyes will naturally or intuition to seek QuJingKuang between elements within the symmetrical or coordinating relations. dell Latitude D820 battery, When they reach that at this point, the picture might say that has a sense of balance. The main elements in balance by QuJingKuang Ming and dark tonal in distribution and the formation of visual weight. The image of one side of the box live in a large dark tonal and not in the image of the other side of the same visual weight arrangement is tonal, will cause the imbalance of the picture. A picture of the imbalance of the pictures will reappear side of the heavy feeling. In the balance will generate image visual nervous.

Although balance can make eyes calm, but not always necessary to create images.dell Latitude D820 battery, dell Latitude D830 battery, dell MM165 battery, dell YD626 battery, Coordinate also or nervous performance in the image is whether the need to balance the deciding factor. fujifilm np-80 battery

And as a photograph, show the main object is not in the picture of the central but the whole picture regain balance feeling. Create another picture, show the main object left the fujifilm np-70 battery center and the picture has the feeling of imbalance.
June 28, news, zte says, has reached an HP HSTNN-IB45 Battery agreement with Brazil local enterprise, will be in the local production tablet computer.

Zte wait for your President has and Brazil's President and Deere Rowe "dell Latitude D820 battery, dell Latitude D830 battery, dell MM165 battery, dell YD626 battery, (Dilma Rousseff) husband in Brasilia, wait for your meeting revealed the above message.

Wait for your told media said, zte has and as manufacturers have secret cooperation relations,dell Latitude D830 battery, will be in August this year in Brazil to start producing flat-panel computer, these flat will sale in HP HSTNN-UB17 Battery Brazil. Wait for your said zte plan expansion in Brazil.

Zte in Brazil have manufacturing plant.

April, ZTE (ZTE) commitment in Sao Paulo Hortolandia construction near a industrial park. Guess, people familiar with the investment should be in the hundreds of millions of dollars level. Zte Brazil chief executive branch avlee the 30's, aston villa Eliandro Avila (o) said: "our factory will as HP HSTNN-DB20 Battery zte in Latin America base, will hire more than 2000 people."

Last year, zte revenue of 70.3 billion yuan ($10.8 billion).

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Olympus official video new revelation

Since foreign web site published in the news about the Olympus Olympus E-PL2 battery new after many M4/3 system, dell YD626 battery, users said high attention. What the new product launches of the size of the moment, and specific? Olympus aspects from an official video revelation the details:

From getolympus website derived from the stretch of the video screenshots we can see, in fact, the new time has released the Olympus olympus li-42b battery locked in the June 30. Just a little bit more pity, this paragraph in the video without any machine of the screen, just about to see a black cloth in wind blows, give a person a little scratching their heads feeling.

In addition, for a specific type of E-that is, P3, E-PL3 olympus li-50b battery and E-PM1 already have the conclusion. Foreign web site has been relatively more genuine products DieZhao, which showed E-the size of the type to PM1 consumption level of new XZ-1 DC quite, attention.

A8: Turning dynamic control, a great feature is the primary control. Compared with the traditional difference between the programs, the traditional program, whether the output voltage or output current to go through secondary inspection to control the primary MOS tube on and off,Toshiba PA2411U Ac Adapter, so passed through the port side of the original signal is not true The output voltage or output current, but an error or a compensation of the error signal. Primary side control, from the timely detection of the primary to its output voltage and output current. Output voltage and output current has time to exist in the number of units which, in each switching cycle, can be timely access to the output voltage in the end how much, the need to control the output current in the state, and even its output power is what states So the next reaction cycle can be reflected. This is compared with the conventional scheme can achieve a timely, high-performance dynamic features.

Q9: What is the real-time waveform analysis?

A9: talking about implementation of the waveform analysis,Toshiba PA2411U Ac Adapter, Toshiba PA2438U Ac Adapter, Toshiba PA2438UE Ac Adapter, Toshiba PA2440U Ac Adapter, the inevitable turn to the primary side control. Control with the primary control of the secondary nature of the difference is if the traditional secondary control to detect the secondary output voltage and output current, must be had through the rectifier, the output voltage after filtering, it is a very stable DC voltage not the AC voltage. Because the voltage is very stable, so can be read at any time, which means that at any point in the switching cycle to read the voltage difference will not be very large. Transformer itself is an exchange energy transfer device, there is no way the DC signal to pass through the transformer secondary side. To detect in the primary, then the detected signal must be a communication, from the design point of view, acquisition of signal from the transformer winding to capture such a feedback signal. The winding transformer feedback signal which reflects the output voltage, but it does not mean that the output voltage, and it is an AC signal. So in the end should be taken in one where such a voltage? Toshiba PA2438U Ac Adapter, With the power of the different changes, different output changes, in the end is the constant voltage control or constant current control in a variety of state, in the end how to get the most accurate such a collection point, which is iwatt the most advantage of the company, that is, We are a very good patent applications of digital technology. Our primary side to control this through digital technology can achieve a very accurate constant voltage and constant current control. The so-called real-time control, that in every cycle, are the waveform of the transformer on the analysis of every point, through the exchange of real-time waveform analysis, we have to keep looking for one of the best point to collect the voltage. Meanwhile, real-time analysis of the work of opening the system to know how many times in the end, how much time off in the end, there is a transformer of the magnetic recovery in the end how much time, these are the dynamics of each cycle to achieve. A more important aspect, because all of the transformers will have a very big noise, not so smooth, so the use of digital technology to achieve the dynamic of the filter, the system noise in the end it should be much, how to filter out the noise, how exactly like the original will the output voltage, output current to restore it, and this is what we have done a real-time waveform analysis.

Q10: capacitor voltage detection side of the chip has no electrical impact?

A10: Assuming the voltage detection side of the capacitor is a voltage test point. There are two parts, one part of the primary Vin, a small filter capacitor. Filter capacitor is used to filter out some impurities, the presence of capacitor is needed. The current value is between 470pF ~ nF. There is also a capacitor in Vsense feet, tens of picofarads capacitance is to do, and it is used to filter out those impurities.

Q11: Does the primary control structure and the structure of the transformer winding techniques have high demands?

A11: no. First, the constant part of the detected voltage point and will not be affected by the primary leakage inductance, the circuit inside a chip circuit reads the detected edge back to the voltage margin of points, in front of the leakage inductance voltage will be rejected out .Toshiba PA2438UE Ac Adapter, Constant when the work is to calculate the waste time to calculate the location of its constant CC. The location of constant current sense resistor by the primary control, so the transformer leakage inductance value or value does not affect the time it CB or the exact value of the constant current value of CC.

Q12: using the digital controller design for the transformer if there are any special considerations? If external conditions change because of the transient into the continuous mode, the system what would happen?

A12: From the digital controller by itself, no requirements on the transformer.Toshiba PA2411U Ac Adapter, Toshiba PA2438U Ac Adapter, Toshiba PA2438UE Ac Adapter, Toshiba PA2440U Ac Adapter, In terms of primary control, detection point is when the transformer reset to detect this, in theory, the requirements of the transformer is not very high. Second, the establishment of this theory in the non-continuous mode of operation, that is, any case, it will not enter the continuous mode, continuous mode if the access is not normal, the system will shut down access to protected status.

Q13: digital processing to consume some time, impact on performance? Toshiba PA2440U Ac Adapter,How to solve?

A13: digital processing does consume some time, but this time is not an absolute time. We know that digital processing is most important is that it is a clock, it is the number of clock? Digital processing of the time because we are not saying that I did a calculation, make an addition, to make a division, which in the end is a delicate, a nanosecond, we are not absolutely say this time, we are talking about is that it requires several digital clock. When the chip in the design, digital clock speed of its design allows us to work in the frequency of the fastest to complete all the calculations, which can complete each cycle of information processing, and control the work of the next cycle.

Q14: What is the output current of the chip testing?

A14: Output current sensing is not detected in the output or secondary inspection, but the primary part of the original edge detection. Seen by the chip based on its primary Bias-Winding voltage waveforms for analysis, and then note the time, draw the appropriate chain of P conduction through lead time, so as to control energy requirements.

Many laptop users may have encountered such a problem: laptop can not use the power adapter, the battery can only rely on the work of the machine. Although most of the failures caused by power adapter damage, but damage to the notebook motherboard is one of the reasons. But the replacement of the motherboard is not only costly, and very troublesome. If you take it, then repair is often necessary for maintenance of a few hundred dollars. In fact, Toshiba PA3432E-1ACA Ac Adapter, we just have some simple knowledge of electronic technology, can solve the problem yourself. Here, the author of two instances of failure to teach you how to repair laptops.

Fault A: a NEC VA23D notebook, when an external power adapter, laptop on the battery indicator shows the status of the machine work, you need to plug the power cord several times, it may be back to normal. This failure was more serious, and finally plug the power cord, no matter how the notebook can not use the power adapter. When the battery is depleted, the boot and no respond.
Analysis to solve: the laptop battery will work under the basic laptop itself can be determined without much of a problem, so the focus of the first checks on the power adapter. Plug the power cord several times due to the need to make laptop work properly, suspect the power adapter port or power lines are bad situation. Then test the output voltage with a multimeter, and a hand twisted cord, but the meter indicates the output voltage is always normal, it seems that the power adapter is no problem.
Problem or in a notebook, carefully disassemble the notebook, carefully observe the components near the power connector and found that there is a resistance in the interface there Weld phenomenon. According to circuit analysis, this resistance is an insurance resistance,Toshiba PA3432E-1ACA Ac Adapter, Toshiba PA3432U-1AC3 Ac Adapter, Toshiba PA3432U-1ACA Ac Adapter, Toshiba PA3467U Ac Adapter, power adapter output current through the resistor to the supply board. Because of this resistance appears Weld, and plug the power head will shake occasionally connected Weld Department, so the motherboard get power adapter supply current. But Weld increase the production of the contact resistance, leading to fever increased, but the heat and add the Weld phenomenon, so a vicious cycle, eventually leading to solder joint completely off, which caused the failure. After the spot welding (Figure 1), notebook finally back to normal.

Second failure: a Twinhead A1000 laptop, the first wife is not with the power adapter, Toshiba PA3432U-1AC3 Ac Adapter, another model will borrow Twinhead notebook adapter, but connected to the adapter, the laptop display is still working in the battery condition. Then back into the power adapter first wife, can still only work in the laptop battery status, can not use the power adapter.
Analysis to solve: the laptop battery status still work, it was suspected that the failure was near the laptop power supply interface circuit damage caused. The power adapter back into the laptop interface to the interface found in some of the moment into a blue spark, and you can hear a slight "pop" sound. Thus concluded that the laptop power supply interface, the phenomenon of near short circuit, causing the power adapter into the over-current protection status. Open the notebook, power connector with a multimeter testing resistance at both ends, showing zero, and indeed there is short circuit.
Closer look at the components near the power connector, and no obvious burning phenomenon. Trends through the interface of the copper found in the vicinity of a power interface components, connect the power terminal and ground. According to circuit analysis, this should be an over-voltage protection resistor (varistor), in the normal state, its resistance is infinite, and when the input voltage exceeds its rated voltage, resistance will be short, to avoid excessive voltage damage to the notebook other components. The varistor short-circuit, will make the notebook power adapter into the protection of the state, to avoid the failure of the expansion. Then remove the resistor, then found the resistance put on the same size, reboot, laptop back to normal.

Postscript
As part of the laptop interface to work in high-current environment, so the interface part of the more powerful heating element, and after heating elements likely to cause swelling. The computer is turned off, the expansion of the components shrink. Thus, in the long-term repeated expansion and contraction, the components of the solder joint stress and vulnerable to frequent breakdown, resulting in Weld phenomenon, so that the output current of the power adapter into the laptop's motherboard can not be normal, so that the notebook does not work properly power adapter. This leads to the occurrence of a fault. The use of a variety of notebook computer power adapter output voltage is different,Toshiba PA3432U-1ACA Ac Adapter, so that when using a different power adapter or the external voltage instability and power adapter output voltage caused by the fault instability, may leading notebook protection circuit on the motherboard is damaged, the power adapter output voltage can not enter the notebook, resulting in notebook power adapter can not be used.

Here to talk about why the first wife of the power supply is usually better than non-first wife. I want to say first wife's power theory is relatively better, in fact, may not feel different. Allowable load is usually a safe range of input voltage, such as the nominal value plus or minus 5%, an example is a lot of 2.5-5v input requirement is plus or minus 5%. Notebook, too, if the input voltage is too large or too small will result in protection circuit action, in order to stop work. But the action in the protection of the circuit before the books have been biased internal regulator circuit working upper or lower limit, in principle, have an impact on device lifetime, but according to today's point of view, the reliability of electronic components has been quite good, as long as the design range, rarely a problem, life will not be short life than books, so this is not the main problem. More important issue may be the books of the data security, a sudden stop working for the automatic protection of the computer is a terrible thing, especially a lot of friends without the battery. Sometimes a reboot the computer somehow and relevant. For the first wife of the power supply, the manufacturers know what kind of access is a load, so you can easily calculate the nominal power supply voltage and nominal current, the nominal voltage power supply should meet the following two conditions,Toshiba PA3432E-1ACA Ac Adapter, Toshiba PA3432U-1AC3 Ac Adapter, Toshiba PA3432U-1ACA Ac Adapter, Toshiba PA3467U Ac Adapter, first when the nominal maximum current output voltage minus the power supply itself should be larger than the load required voltage drop of 95%, the second is the smallest when the current output voltage minus the power supply itself, the design should be less than the required load voltage drop of 105 %. However, if the adapter using a non-original equipment, such as general purpose transformers and the like, the problem can not be seriously considered, this is from the electrical parameters of the user can only think of ways to be compatible as far as possible, but the resistance is different for each adapter , the nominal voltage of the allowable error may be different, under the nominal current output voltage range of the definition may be different, and even output ripple factor is not small enough not necessarily, if not carefully measured the output power with the relationship between the output voltage, in principle, there is a certain risk, but this risk is small, because if you choose to supply enough current nominal resistance does not appear the problem is too large, the ripple coefficient can also be stable within books pressure to reduce,Toshiba PA3467U Ac Adapter, so I said, first wife of the power supply is usually better than non-first wife. This is the first wife and the general power supply difference.

La winded wordy above a lot of talk, thinking is not very clear, in some places may not take into account, if you have any questions, please correct me.

1, the power adapter (hereinafter referred to as power) of the nominal voltage and current mean?
2, are of the same nominal power supply voltage, output current different, the same can not be used in the books?
3, the same machine, Managing someone else's power,Toshiba PA3290U-2ACA Ac Adapter, I'm always very hot, and why?
4, power supply nominal voltage than my laptop battery voltage is much higher, will not trouble you?
5, why the power theory, first wife first wife is usually the power is better than non-?

First, the nominal voltage of the power adapter is usually open the output voltage, which is not connected to any load, no current output voltage value. Therefore, that this is the power supply output voltage limit. For the power regulator unit for use within the active component in the voltage reference or, in general the use of high resistance of the DC voltage meter can be directly measured nominal voltage (electromotive force should be used more accurate method of bridge, belonging to the University Physics course experiment, not repeat them here), even if the mains voltage fluctuations in a certain place, the output is steadily constant value; but for a small inexpensive transformer market, such as a music player like the kind used is basically the traditional magnetic core transformer rectifier diode bridge rectifier with four plus a large filter capacitors to get away, so if you use common DC voltage meter measured value will be greater than the nominal voltage, because the output of bridge rectifier pulsating DC, simply, it is a sinusoidal voltage signal of a positive half cycle of time connected chain, filtered through a large capacitor will become a flat number, but still large ripple factor (the ripple coefficient is the same voltage signal fluctuation The ratio of the average voltage, the smaller the closer that the DC voltage), the so-called nominal voltage refers to the time integral of this voltage divided by the integration time, the simple understanding is that the average value of time, if common DC voltmeter measured value is very close to the maximum value of the voltage signal, so the uncertainty. Also, if the electricity fluctuates, the output of such power will also change.

In general, regular power adapter is not necessarily true no-load voltage and nominal voltage of exactly the same as the characteristics of electronic components can not be completely consistent,Toshiba PA3380E-1ACA Ac Adapter, it allows a certain degree of error, the need for civilian control of the situation based on usage to 0.1% about 5%. The smaller the error, the consistency requirements of the higher electronic components, industrial production, the higher the cost, the price of course, the more expensive.

Second is the power of the nominal current value. Regardless of any power supply has a certain internal resistance, so when the power supply output current when the pressure drop in internally generated, equal to the output current multiplied by the power supply internal resistance. Lead to two things, one is heat, equal to the square of the output current multiplied by resistance, so the power will be hot, and the other is the output voltage to the internal nominal voltage minus the voltage drop, causing the output voltage decreases. The usual design problems considering Wanbi heat, the general restrictions on a current value, when the output current to achieve this is worth, the output voltage is reduced to 95% of nominal voltage, or other ratio, the manufacturers of the product according to the different needs of the load can be set higher or lower ratio, the current value is the nominal current. Toshiba PA3380E-1ACA Ac Adapter, Toshiba PA3380U-1ACA Ac Adapter, Toshiba PA3396U-1ACA Ac Adapter, Toshiba PA3432E-1AC3 Ac Adapter, The ibm16V 72W power adapter such as the nominal current is 4.5A (16 * 4.5 = 72, nonsense). If the load resistance is too low, causing the output current exceeds the nominal current, generally two things will happen, one is the individual components of the cooling capacity of the heat caused more than burn damage caused by power, and the other is the thermal design margin left, merely reflect the output voltage is further reduced, if reduced too much may cause the load not work correctly.

Understanding of these concepts, we can determine the second issue of this article. The same nominal power supply voltage, output current is different from the same can not be used in the books. The basic principle is that a large nominal current of the power can replace the small nominal current power supply. Some friends are misunderstood, that a large nominal current of the power will burn books, because the current big thing. Toshiba PA3380U-1ACA Ac Adapter,How much current is actually the same in the case of the voltage depends on the load, that is, the work books, when the books when the high-load operation, the current larger, the books go into standby when the current is smaller, short current equal increase in the books The voltage divided by the books on the equivalent resistance. Nominal current of the power supply has a large enough current margin, and not in place after a small nominal current of the power output of overheating or low voltage situation. On the contrary, with a small current power supply to replace the current existence of such a large risk. But some friends instead of 72w with 56w of power have no problem with it because the design of the power adapter is usually left a certain margin, the load must be less than the power supply power, so this place is in general use feasible, but the remaining power supply power margin to a few, the books once you pick a lot of peripherals, such as the two usb hard drives, and cpu at full speed, then there is a base, the above read the disk to a drive at full speed, then with the same time charging the battery, estimated to dangerous, to be ready to feel the power you are not already boiled eggs. 72w more than the 16w 56w adapter is to cope with such situations. So it is best not to use low current power supply instead of high-current power supply. If you really do, conditional friends can think of ways to Test your books, when the maximum consumption of the actual needs of current measurement method is very simple, a socket, a plug, a current meter, a few wires, a soldering iron can be. If the nominal current in your power within, of course, is safe.

Answered the second question, the third question is very simple. Do not doubt the power of your first question, first see if your books are doing, is not like the above said two usb hard drives, cpu at full speed, hard disk read and write crazy, read the disk drive at full speed, while charging the battery, loud the music, the largest screen brightness, wireless network card has been detected signal, etc., make good use of power management, according to mandate of the working status of the books reasonable adjustments is very important. Many people do not like to use power management, I even saw a lot of friends after the installation of the power management software does not want any kind of management mode is enabled, it is also fitted him to do?Toshiba PA3396U-1ACA Ac Adapter, Will not want to see how many percent of battery left on it?

The fourth question, the question of who is likely to electronic circuits is a layman. Power to the notebook power supply and battery to the books is different, said first battery-powered, the DC battery output is pure, clean enough, you can directly access the current transformer module, the battery voltage is neither possible nor need to design very high, microelectronic circuit, analog and digital signals to 5V voltage demand is now largely for the sector, remove the transformer module's efficiency and pressure requirements, 10.8V enough, and the lithium chemical force decisions a power-saving only in the core output voltage of about 3.6V, so many batteries are in series with three ways, 10.8V will become very popular battery voltage. Some battery 3.6V nominal value than an integer multiple of slightly larger, such as 3.7V or 11.2V, and so, in fact, in order to protect the battery (a very small number of manufacturers will stop discharging the battery voltage as 3.7V) or in the calculation of the battery When the tricky behavior of design capacity. Toshiba PA3380E-1ACA Ac Adapter, Toshiba PA3380U-1ACA Ac Adapter, Toshiba PA3396U-1ACA Ac Adapter, Toshiba PA3432E-1AC3 Ac Adapter, If you use a power supply, the situation is more complex, first of all need to join the voltage regulator further filter to ensure that the power performance is not very good stability under the circumstances, the voltage regulator after the two-pronged, all the way to the books Working power supply, another way to charge the battery, power supply to the books happened in that part of the battery when the same, and that part of the battery need to charge the battery charge control circuit can be added to the batteries, the control circuit can be very complex, it simply should include the primary regulator, precision tunable regulator,Toshiba PA3432E-1AC3 Ac Adapter, SCR conditioning pulse output, voltage output, current feedback, the process of recording and computing chip charge, the charge process parameters from the feedback regulation, etc., so supply voltage must be greater than the batteries have sufficient voltage margin pressure supplied to the charge control circuit unit. Really added to the final voltage on the batteries is by no means 16V, please rest assured that friends worried.

Q1: The new digital control technology specific advantages?

A1: advantages are mainly used to see what the power on. If you are low power, the advantages are mainly in the way it is implemented with digital control of primary, secondary omitted constant current circuit, voltage regulator circuits, that can be used as the primary means of secondary control effect.Toshiba PA2444 Ac Adapter, Another aspect that can save costs, you know, TL431, optocouplers, operational amplifiers and so on.

Q2: This adapter can be used in the communication system of CNC there? Such as base stations,Toshiba PA2444 Ac Adapter, Toshiba PA2444U Ac Adapter, Toshiba PA2444U Ac Adapter, Toshiba PA2450P000329000 Ac Adapter, capacity is not likely to cause interference playing a?

A2: 1692,168? These control lines are for low power. The base station is concerned, the power is relatively large, does not recommend this.

Q3: do switching power supply in the boot time would be "Crash" is heard, the aging of the load resistance at full power when the work will have "dth" sound, what is generally what causes, how to solve?

A3: In general, the "cracking" sound from the magnetic and coil magnetic device issued, it may be generated by the transformers and inductors; "magnetic magnetic magnetic" sound is emitted by the transformer, especially in the flyback transformer, because of the transformer storage reasons. There are two solutions, the first to make the system work is very smooth, do not have the size of waves appears. The second is in the selection of components, we should reduce the loss of capacitance values. Circumstances due to the design. Thank you!

Q4: Will the design of digital control technology refers to? PWM is it?

A4: digital control technology refers to the way the internal controller to do with digital.

Q5: ACDC adapter technology is well established, the existing PWM controllers such as the 384X, 1203,6841 to achieve good performance, why iwatt also introduced in the analog domain, digital technology, the special nature of digital technology in place it?Toshiba PA2444U Ac Adapter, Or can reduce the cost?

A5: technology development is a never-ending, not a single product or technology is irreplaceable. Power greener future development, environmental protection require the same amount of material to achieve higher efficiency. Small size is a direct request, of course, is also necessary to consider the cost. In both the cost, performance and reliability at the same time, challenges the traditional PWM scheme, Toshiba PA2444 Ac Adapter, Toshiba PA2444U Ac Adapter, Toshiba PA2444U Ac Adapter, Toshiba PA2450P000329000 Ac Adapter,for example, how the loss of milliwatts, another example, mobile phone charger for 3,5 W, resistance and cost are very important, not that the size of PCB and other factors. From the traditional generic terms, PWM_IC not suitable for future development, designed for different applications optimized system solution is a permanent solution. iwatt The program is targeted system solutions, and thus optimize the use of digital control processing. For example, different input voltage and load, the control chip will adjust the switching frequency and status, in order to maintain high efficiency, constant current and constant voltage. 3W charger for mobile phones, we propose the Perimeter control technology, without the traditional secondary control circuit, to achieve better control than the conventional results. For example, in the traditional design, if the sample resistance short circuit, power can only work in a state of constant power at different input voltage, power is often not the same; Our program is open regardless of any components, with minor short-circuit control the output current does not exceed the rated voltage and current. Because digital technology has the ability to determine the memory and intelligence, compared with the traditional, this is our advantage.

Q6: Will the DC adapter charger, digital control method is now the new maturity of how? A stage where it?

A6: If the digital controller in the power development as a single incentive RC oscillation of view, iwatt digital technology has entered a stable stage of development. Iwatt is the first development of digital power control of the company, started in 2000. Digital control chips currently used in our products and the application of large quantities around the world began in 2005. More and more companies join the industry, especially rim control program. The market now offer not less than five of the Perimeter control IC, Toshiba PA2444U Ac Adapter,of course, in the DC / DC area, the digital control scheme can be very common, and very much. It is foreseeable that the development of digital power will be the development of the traditional power industry has a very significant impact.

Q7: Please talk about digital technology applications in switching power supply status and future development, and has highlighted the advantages and disadvantages?

A7: This is a common problem, not the product for our company, so I said, digital control in the industry about the strengths and weaknesses reflected in those areas. From the advantages of speaking, there are about seven: The first is its monitoring. For example, monitoring the power supply voltage changes, current changes, temperature changes, which change over time. When the power is running, the voltage will be many changes, this is the detection function. In the traditional analog power in a very easy to implement; The second point is communication. Most electronic devices are based on digital technology, with digital interface, communication is very simple; followed by control techniques. Fundamentally speaking, the power is on and one off a signal to a digital signal itself, so for digital technology, the need to control the digital system is natural; fourth point is the configuration problem. It can detect the dynamic parameters of the system, as in the process of system operation, as the load changes, the output current is larger or smaller, the system in terms of stability or the loop parameters are changing; in terms of digital technology, can detect the current operating system in the end what kind of state, the output power is the number, then the model is what the current system state. From the control point of view, you can change parameters; protection is also important, protection is also a digital signal, that PT is not overheating, is not over-voltage, is not it should first turn it off, or When it was safe, then it opens; sixth point is to detect problems. If the system is a problem, in some ways is concerned, can only be measured by the oscilloscope or multimeter, from the periphery of the device to detect in the end what it is. For digital technology, many signals are shown in the figures inside have been, if the detection of the interface other devices to connect directly to the issue say. From the system point of view, if a system has two power supplies, when the power is a problem, you can tell the system which in the end power is a problem, if the system has a lot of power or a lot of output, which voltage need to make, which voltage is required after, this is a sequence of questions, which are available through digital technology. These are the advantages of digital power. Speaking from the disadvantage, because now the market is not very extensive digital power supply, from the perspective of components, such as analog control chip, such as 3842,3843 many manufacturers are in production, Toshiba PA2444 Ac Adapter, Toshiba PA2444U Ac Adapter, Toshiba PA2444U Ac Adapter, Toshiba PA2450P000329000 Ac Adapter,but produced products is not the same, Therefore, the cost of the generic issues or problems, many designers have some concerns. From the design itself is concerned, not so extensive and complete. Some designers worry, Toshiba PA2450P000329000 Ac Adapter, we designed digital chip is not the concept of the previous simulations have forgotten, is not a lot I want to learn programming, from the current point of view this is a comparative disadvantage of the place. From our point of view, another product from the iwatt, we want to provide a low cost, and very easy to design, that does not require you to program and does not require us to know in the end to the internal number is how to achieve , when designing the chip requires only the same as traditional, the traditional vision of the chip, from the simulation point of view how to design the chip. In this process, one can appreciate where the advantages of digital design.

On a business trip, there is not a province of the trouble is the need to bring a lot of AC adapter. From laptops, digital cameras until the cell phone, electronic products, each work must be AC adapter back in the body. Is not everyone thought: "If there is universal AC adapter, how wonderful."

U.S. Green Plug is working to achieve this desire of users. Toshiba PA2450U Ac Adapter, If the company can unify all product specifications, AC adapter, the user will not have to carry each dedicated AC adapter, electronics manufacturers can reduce the AC adapter comes with the cost. AC adapter for reducing the number of abandoned, so it helps to conserve resources.

For these purposes, the company's ability to electronics manufacturers to recommend called "Intelligent power supply" of the universal AC adapter. The AC adapters can exchange information and electronic products, the output of appropriate voltage / current, but also cut off the excess supply, to reduce power consumption in standby mode.

Green Plug has recently endorsed the idea of electronics manufacturers appear. June 13, 2008, in the company to join the NPO "The Alliance for Universal Power Supplies" at the meeting, the appliance maker Westinghouse Electric (Westinghouse Electric) showed that support for universal AC adapter.

Green Plug universal strategy which will be adopted universal AC adapter? The company's senior vice president of sales and marketing, Paul Panepinto accepted this interview. (Interviewer: Naoki Asakawa)

- Universal AC adapter, the idea of a long time, but did not receive support from electronics manufacturers.Toshiba PA2450U Ac Adapter, Toshiba PA2450UE Ac Adapter, Toshiba PA2484U Ac Adapter, Toshiba PA2500U Ac Adapter, Toshiba PA2501U Ac Adapter, One reason is to support a wide voltage output will reduce the power conversion efficiency, resulting in increased power consumption. Toshiba PA2450UE Ac Adapter, Another reason is that manufacturers of electronic products manufactured by other vendors do not trust the safety of AC adapter. How to solve these problems?

Panepinto: indeed, universal AC adapter, AC adapter conversion efficiency than dedicated. However, if you take into account standby power when not in use, or universal AC adapter, the overall power consumption low.

Assuming a dedicated AC adapter, the standby power of 0.5W, if you use the 4, AC adapter plugged in alone will consume 2W of power. In contrast, we advocate universal AC adapter, a total of standby power is about 0.5W. That is, if the dedicated AC adapter 4 universal AC adapter into a standby power can be reduced to 1 / 4.

And we have a universal AC adapter, cut off from the physical to a DC-DC converter power supply functions. Including such features included, use our detailed microcontroller power control, AC adapter, the security is improved than before.

The decline in power conversion efficiency can be suppressed to some extent also. For example, the output terminal sequence is set to "mobile phone", "notebook computer", and then were installed above the optimum output voltage of different DC-DC converter. Such as notebook computer terminal, Toshiba PA2484U Ac Adapter, you can use the 16 ~ 22V maximum conversion efficiency DC-DC converters.

- Please tell us about the construction of universal AC adapter.

Panepinto: We use a generic AC adapter to plug the AC adapter input AC-DC to DC converters, each equipped with a terminal to convert the direct current used for all electronic products DC-DC voltage converter and a control DC-DC converters work in the construction of micro-controller. We will sell AC adapter embedded micro-controller, AC adapter from the AC adapter design and marketing and electronic products manufacturers.

Imagine the number of pins for the power supply terminal 5. Among them, 2 for output power, and the other two for the special IC and electronic product data exchange, the last one used to determine the "connectivity", "not connected." Even if the rechargeable battery of electronic products to zero, by virtue of data exchange from the power supply pin can also be a dedicated drive electronics IC.

In electronic products the cost of installing a dedicated IC will eventually be reduced to 25 cents / 1 units or so. We only develop specific IC communication protocol, the installation method by the electronics manufacturers to choose.

- Now, with portable products as the center, the use of USB charging more and more.Toshiba PA2500U Ac Adapter, This is equivalent to AC adapter USB host product popularity after the occurrence. Green Plug to the method used to spread universal AC adapter?

Panepinto: First, we will provide a "smart cable" for connection is not dedicated IC's existing products and general AC adapter. The principle is embedded in the smart cable-specific IC, with its control universal AC adapter output voltage required to charge / current.

We will set high-level hotels and coffee shops by the universal AC adapter and cables composed of a number of intelligence packages. Thus, even if not with AC adapter, the user can also coffee shop in the hotel rooms and charging for electronic products. And,Toshiba PA2450U Ac Adapter, Toshiba PA2450UE Ac Adapter, Toshiba PA2484U Ac Adapter, Toshiba PA2500U Ac Adapter, Toshiba PA2501U Ac Adapter, the same device will also be popularized in the office. Thus, under the desk a lot of AC adapter power cord will disappear, looks much more compact than the original.

Through this means, in the universal AC adapter, the popularity of a certain degree, we will appeal to manufacturers of electronic products using embedded universal AC adapter and a dedicated general-purpose IC terminals.

We know that to make product adoption is a very difficult task.Toshiba PA2501U Ac Adapter, However, Green Plug's founder, as in the past Video Electronics Standards Association (VESA) co-founder of the computer display terminal face of this universal problem, and achieved brilliant success. We believe, AC universal adapter will also be successful.